In spite of interspecific competition in nature, which mechanism the competing species might have evolved for their survival?
In spite of interspecific competition in nature, which mechanism the competing species might have evolved for their survival?
Predation
Resource partitioning
Competitive release
Mutualism
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
In nature, competing species have evolved various mechanisms that allow them to coexist despite the presence of interspecific competition. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial in the study of ecology and species interactions.
Let's examine the options provided:
- Predation: This is a biological interaction where one organism (the predator) kills and eats another organism (the prey). While predation affects species interactions, it is not directly a mechanism for competing species to survive together.
- Resource Partitioning: This is a strategy that allows competing species to coexist by utilizing different resources or the same resources in different ways or at different times. For instance, two different species of birds might feed on insects from different parts of a tree. By reducing direct competition through specialization, resource partitioning enhances survival.
- Competitive Release: This occurs when a species expands its ecological niche in the absence of competition. This isn't a mechanism by which species actively evolve to coexist; rather, it occurs when competition is reduced or absent.
- Mutualism: This is a type of symbiotic relationship where both species benefit. While mutualism can influence species interactions, it isn't specifically a mechanism evolved to manage competition for the same resources.
After analyzing the options, resource partitioning emerges as the correct answer. The concept of resource partitioning helps to reduce direct competition and allows species to coexist by sharing different niches within the same environment.
In summary, many species coexist through resource partitioning, which allows them to minimize competition for resources by adapting to use different portions or characteristics of the habitat or resource base. This adaptation is crucial in maintaining biodiversity.
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Concepts Used:
Plant Growth Regulators
What is a plant growth regulator?
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are chemicals used to modify plant growth such as increasing branching, suppressing shoot growth, increasing return bloom, removing excess fruit, or altering fruit maturity.
Types of Plant Growth:
There are the following types of plant growth.
- Primary and Secondary Growth: The growth of a plant is termed primary when the same happens through the mitotic division of the meristematic cells which are present at the root and the shoot of the plants.
Whereas, the secondary growth in a plant takes place through the division of the secondary meristem, which, in turn increases the diameter of the body of the plants.
- Primary and Secondary Plant Growth
- Unlimited Growth
- Limited Growth
- Vegetative Growth
- Reproductive Growth
The five groups of plant growth regulators used in fruit crops include:
- Auxins: Auxins are one of the most important plant hormones. The chief naturally occurring auxin is indole-3 acetic acid – IAA and other related compounds.
- Gibberellins: Gibberellins are an extensive chemical family based on the ent-gibberellane structure. The first gibberellin to be discovered was gibberellic acid. Now there are more than 100 types of gibberellins.
- Cytokinins: These are produced in the regions where cell division occurs; mostly in the roots and shoots. They help in the production of new leaves, lateral shoot growth, chloroplasts in leaves etc.
- Absicisic Acid: Absicsic acid controls the dormancy of buds and seeds, inhibits shoot growth and is involved in regulating water loss from plants.
- Ethylene: Ethylene is a simple, gaseous plant growth regulator, synthesised by most of the plant organs includes ripening fruits and ageing tissues.