Comprehension
India has added Tso Kar Wetland Complex in Ladakh as its 42ndRamsar site, which is a second one in the Union Territory (UT) of Ladakh. Expressing happiness, Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Prakash Javadekar shared this information in a tweet message. The Tso Kar Basin is a high-altitude wetland complex, consisting of two principal waterbodies, Startsapuk Tso, a freshwater lake of about 438 hectares to the south, and Tso Kar itself, a hypersaline lake of 1800 hectares to the north, situated in the Changthang region of Ladakh, India. It is called Tso Kar, meaning white lake, because of the white salt efflorescence found on the margins due to the evaporation of highly saline water. The Tso Kar Basin is an A1 Category Important Bird Area (IBA) as per Bird Life International and a key staging site in the Central Asian Flyway. The site is also one of the most important breeding areas of the Blacknecked Crane (Grus nigricollis) in India. This IBA is also the major breeding area for Great Crested Grebe (Podicepscristatus), Bar-headed Geese (Anserindicus), Ruddy Shelduck (Tadornaferruginea), Brown-headed Gull (Larusbrunnicephalus), Lesser Sand-Plover (Charadriusmongolus) and many other species.
Question: 1
Which of the following sites in India is not included in the Ramsar Wetland List?
Which of the following sites in India is not included in the Ramsar Wetland List?
Updated On: Jul 15, 2026
- Asan Conservation Reserve, Uttarakhand
- Dal Lake, Jammu and Kashmir
- Kabartal Wetland, Bihar
- Lonar Lake, Maharashtra
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The Correct Option is B
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The correct Answer is (B):Dal Lake, Jammu and Kashmir
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This question asks which of four well-known Indian wetlands is not on the official Ramsar list, so each site's actual Ramsar status needs to be checked rather than assumed from fame alone.
- Asan Conservation Reserve, Uttarakhand: This site was formally added to India's list of Ramsar wetlands of international importance, so it is included on the list.
- Dal Lake, Jammu and Kashmir: Despite being one of India's most famous lakes, Dal Lake has not been officially designated as a Ramsar site; a different Kashmir wetland, Wular Lake, holds that status instead, which is a common point of confusion.
- Kabartal Wetland, Bihar: Kabartal, also known as Kanwar Jheel, is an officially recognised Ramsar site in Bihar, so it is included.
- Lonar Lake, Maharashtra: This crater lake was added to the Ramsar list as well, so it too is included.
Three of the four sites, Asan, Kabartal and Lonar, are confirmed Ramsar wetlands, while Dal Lake, despite its fame, has not received that designation.
So the correct answer is Dal Lake, Jammu and Kashmir.
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Question: 2
The World Wetlands Day is celebrated on
The World Wetlands Day is celebrated on
Updated On: Jul 15, 2026
- February 15
- February 6
- February 2
- February 28
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The Correct Option is C
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The correct Answer is (C):February 2
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This is a direct recall of the fixed calendar date for World Wetlands Day, so matching the day to the actual anniversary it marks settles the answer.
- February 15: This date does not correspond to any wetlands-related international observance, so it is not the answer.
- February 6: This date is also not linked to the Ramsar Convention or wetlands observance, so it does not fit.
- February 2: World Wetlands Day is observed every year on this date, marking the anniversary of the signing of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 1971 at the Iranian city of Ramsar.
- February 28: This date has no connection to the wetlands convention either, so it can be ruled out.
Only one date in the list ties back to the actual 1971 signing of the Ramsar Convention, which is what World Wetlands Day commemorates every year.
So the correct answer is February 2.
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Question: 3
The theme for World Wetlands Day 2021 was
The theme for World Wetlands Day 2021 was
Updated On: Jul 15, 2026
- Wetlands and Climate Change
- Wetlands and Water
- Wetlands and Biodiversity
- Wetlands for our Future: Sustainable Livelihoods
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The Correct Option is B
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The correct Answer is (B):Wetlands and Water
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Each year's World Wetlands Day carries a different official theme, so this question is about correctly matching the theme to 2021 specifically rather than to any other year.
- Wetlands and Climate Change: This was used as a World Wetlands Day theme, but in a different year, not 2021, so it does not fit this particular year.
- Wetlands and Water: This was the official theme chosen for World Wetlands Day 2021, chosen to highlight how wetlands and fresh water supply are directly connected and both under threat.
- Wetlands and Biodiversity: This theme was used in a different year, not 2021, so it does not match here.
- Wetlands for our Future: Sustainable Livelihoods: This theme belongs to an earlier year's observance and focuses on livelihoods rather than water, so it is not the 2021 theme.
Three of the four themes listed are genuine World Wetlands Day themes, just from other years; Wetlands and Water is the one that was specifically used in 2021.
So the correct answer is Wetlands and Water.
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Question: 4
The World’s largest mangrove forest is located in
The World’s largest mangrove forest is located in
Updated On: Jul 15, 2026
- Sundarban Mangrove
- Pichavaram Mangrove
- Florida Mangrove
- Godavari-Krishna Mangroves
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The Correct Option is A
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The correct Answer is (A):Sundarban Mangrove
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This question is about scale, which mangrove forest in the list is the world's largest, so comparing the size and reach of each option is the way to settle it.
- Sundarban Mangrove: Spanning the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers across India and Bangladesh, the Sundarbans cover an area far larger than any other mangrove forest on the list, making it the world's largest mangrove forest.
- Pichavaram Mangrove: Located in Tamil Nadu, this is one of India's well-known mangrove forests, but it covers only a small fraction of the area the Sundarbans do, so it is not the largest.
- Florida Mangrove: The mangrove forests along Florida's coast are extensive within the United States, but they do not come close to matching the Sundarbans in total area.
- Godavari-Krishna Mangroves: These deltaic mangroves on India's east coast are significant regionally, but again their extent is much smaller than the Sundarbans.
All four options are genuine mangrove ecosystems, but only the Sundarbans reach the scale that makes them the largest mangrove forest in the world; the other three are comparatively much smaller.
So the correct answer is Sundarban Mangrove.
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Question: 5
On the occasion of the World Wetland Day, 2021 and as a part of commitment towards conservation, restoration and management of India’s wetlands, establishment of a centre was announced by the name of
On the occasion of the World Wetland Day, 2021 and as a part of commitment towards conservation, restoration and management of India’s wetlands, establishment of a centre was announced by the name of
Updated On: Jul 15, 2026
- Centre for Wetland and Coastal Management
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation and Management
- Centre for Wildlife Management
- Centre for Wetland Conservation and Management
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The Correct Option is D
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The correct Answer is (D):Centre for Wetland Conservation and Management
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All four options use similar-sounding words, wetland, wildlife, coastal, conservation, so this question really tests whether the exact name of the centre announced on World Wetlands Day 2021 is remembered precisely.
- Centre for Wetland and Coastal Management: This name swaps in coastal instead of conservation, which is not the actual wording used when the centre was announced.
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation and Management: This substitutes wildlife for wetland, shifting the focus away from wetlands specifically, which does not match the announcement.
- Centre for Wildlife Management: This drops conservation and wetland both, making it the least accurate of the four options.
- Centre for Wetland Conservation and Management: This is the exact name announced by the government on World Wetlands Day 2021, set up to support conservation, restoration and wise management of India's wetlands.
The other three options each swap in a plausible-sounding but incorrect word in place of either wetland or conservation; only the fourth option preserves both terms exactly as announced.
So the correct answer is Centre for Wetland Conservation and Management.
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Top CLAT Questions
- In the realm of contemporary literature, the interplay between character and setting is a nuanced dance that shapes the narrative’s essence. The setting, often described with painstaking detail, becomes more than a backdrop; it becomes a character, influencing the plot and character development.
Consider, for instance, the barren expanse of the desert in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake. The arid landscape mirrors the sense of isolation felt by the protagonist, Gogol, as he navigates his identity crisis in a foreign land. The relentless sun and vast sands are not mere descriptions; they are the silent witnesses to his inner turmoil.
On the other end of the literary spectrum, there is Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things. The lush, vibrant Kerala backwaters are not just the setting; they are a character woven into the fabric of the story. The teeming, humid landscape reflects the complex web of human relationships and secrets that unravel in the narrative. This interplay is not confined to contemporary literature alone. In Shakespeare’s timeless tragedy Macbeth, the eerie and foreboding setting of the Scottish moors casts a dark shadow over the characters’ actions. The moors, shrouded in mist and mystery, serve as an ever-present omen of the impending tragedy. - The crisis of justice that is the subject matter of discussion in the media today is in fact the crisis of “justice for the middle class”. The main difference between India and the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries is that whereas the middle class in these countries has reasonable access to justice, in India it does not. A vocal and powerful middle class has emerged in India since 1991. It is demanding reasonable access to justice. Much of the judicial reform effort will help meet this demand…
The question of justice for the poor is, however, an altogether different challenge. No country in the world has been able to secure justice for the poor. Most of the jails of the richest countries are filled with the poorest. The “masses” are more often victims of the criminal justice system than of crime. In India as well, jails are almost exclusively filled with the poor. The civil justice system is hardly accessible to them. They are often victimised by lawyers, touts and court staff. They are docket-excluded, a new type of untouchability. The language and the logic—and the colonial and feudal culture—of the judicial system are alien to them. It rarely takes cognisance of their needs and interests.
Their main concern, therefore, is to escape the attention of the justice system, criminal and civil. A landless Dalit person in the interior of Madhya Pradesh once gave me an insightful definition of a court from the perspective of the masses: “A court is a place where you are forcibly taken by the police to be punished; no one goes to a court.” In contrast, many lawyers and judges colloquially define a court as “a temple of justice where rights are protected”.
These sharply divergent visions mean that justice for one section is often injustice for another. Protecting the livelihood of traditional taxi and auto drivers from predatory pricing by corporate app-based taxi providers by imaginatively using the available tools of law to delay their incursion would be seen by the rich and by sections of the middle class as a failure of the judicial system, and possibly as also resulting in a downgrading of the “ease of doing business” measure. However, the masses would see such a judicial intervention as strong evidence of a good justice system. Although the conflict over competing visions of the nation and conflicting demands from social and economic segments have confined judicial reform of judicial administration mainly to “neutral” areas such as process reform, procedural law, technology, planning and court and case management, judge strength, and the workload of judges, there has been considerable improvement in these areas, and the judicial system has improved its performance.
[Extracted, with edits, from “Justice and the Two Ideas of India”, by G. Mohan Gopal, Frontline] - Everything she wanted was here, at Carignano, in Kasauli. Here, on the ridge of the mountain, in this quiet house. It was the place, and the time of life, that she had wanted and prepared for all her life-as she realized on the first day at Carignano, with a great, cool flowering of relief - and at last she had it. She wanted no one and nothing else. Whatever else came, or happened here, would be an unwelcome intrusion and distraction. This she tried to convey to the plodding postman with a cold and piercing stare from the height of the ridge onto his honest bull back. Unfortunately, he did not look up at her on the hilltop but stared stolidly down at the dust piling onto his shoes as he plodded on. A bullock-man, an oafish ox, she thought bitterly. She stepped backwards into the garden and the wind suddenly billowed up and threw the pine branches about as though to curtain her. She was grey, tall and thin and her silk sari made a sweeping, shivering sound and she fancied she could merge with the pine trees and be mistaken for one. To be a tree, no more and no less, was all she was prepared to undertake.
What pleased and satisfied her so, here at Carignano, was its barrenness. This was the chief virtue of all Kasauli of course-its starkness. It had rocks, it had pines, it had light and air. In every direction there was a sweeping view - to the north, of the mountains, to the south, of the plains. Occasionally an eagle swam through this clear unobstructed mass of light and air, that was all. And Carignano, her home on the ridge, had no more than that. Why should it? The sun shone on its white walls. Its windows were open the ones facing north opened on to the blue waves of the Himalayas flowing out and up to the line of ice and snow sketched upon the sky, while those that faced south looked down the plunging cliff to the plain stretching out, flat and sere to the blurred horizon.
Yes, there were some apricot trees close to the house. There were clumps of iris that had finished blooming. There was the kitchen with a wing of smoke lifting out of its chimney and a stack of wood outside its door. But these were incidental, almost unimportant.
[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from “Fire on the Mountain” by Anita Desai] - English literature is a vast and diverse field that has left an indelible mark on the world of letters. From the eloquent plays of William Shakespeare to the complex novels of Jane Austen and the profound poetry of William Wordsworth, English literature offers a window into the human experience. One of the luminaries of English literature is William Shakespeare, often hailed as the greatest playwright in the history of English language. His works, including Hamlet, Macbeth, and Romeo and Juliet, are celebrated for their exploration of human nature, love, ambition, and tragedy. His characters, such as the tormented Hamlet and the star-crossed lovers Romeo and Juliet, continue to captivate readers and audiences worldwide.
The 19th century ushered in a new era of literary giants. Jane Austen’s novels, such as Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility, provide incisive social commentary through the lens of wit and romance. Austen’s heroines, like Elizabeth Bennet and Elinor Dashwood, remain beloved literary figures known for their intelligence and resilience. The Romantic era brought forth poets like William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who celebrated * 8 UG the beauty of nature and the emotional intensity of the individual. Wordsworth’s ‘‘I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud’’ and Coleridge’s ‘‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’’ are testament to the power of the written words to evoke profound emotions and imagery. Moving towards 20th century, English literature continued to evolve. Virginia Woolf’s ground-breaking novel Mrs. Dalloway explored the inner thoughts and lives of its characters with a modernist narrative style. Dystopian visions, as seen in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four provided stark warnings about the dangers of totalitarianism and the erosion of individual freedom.
Today, English literature is a global phenomenon, transcending borders and languages. Indian authors like Arundhati Roy, with her novel The God of Small Things, have won prestigious international literary awards. The book not only explores intricate family dynamics but also delves into the broader socio-political landscape of India. In summary, English literature is a testament to the enduring power of storytelling and the written word. It encompasses an array of authors, themes, and styles that continue to captivate and inspire readers across the world. - On the evening of the 10th, General Dyer arrived at Amritsar, and the Deputy-Commissioner handed over the civil power to him. He issued a proclamation by word of mouth that no meetings should be held. Two days later, after there had been no sort of riot, nor murder, General Dyer heard that a meeting was to be held at the Jallianwala Bagh. He proceeded there with about fifty troops, half British, half Indian, and a certain number of Ghurkas, armed with their kukris. The Jallianwala Bagh is an open space, half a mile square, which has one entry wide enough for three persons. The troops got in and lined up on a mound of debris. The walls, seven feet high, and the surrounding houses enclosed the people. There were, too, three alleys through which the people might have been able to pass. Within thirty seconds of the troops getting in, General Dyer gave orders to fire, and the crowd of people, estimated at anything from 5,000 to 20,000, who were sitting on the ground peacefully listening to the mob oratory, were fired on. The result of the troops’ fire into the mass of people we do not know. But we do know that Dyer’s own estimate of the casualties resulting from ten minutes continual individual firing, was 400 to 500 killed and 1,500 wounded. The people were not able to escape. They were people who had not offered any violence and who had not been warned. These people were shot down. After ten minutes, the ammunition was exhausted and the troops marched off, and they left 1,500 wounded there. There were men lying there for two days, dying of thirst, eating the ground, bleeding to death and nobody to look after them. Those who lived nearby came and carried away some of the wounded from the heap of dead and dying, but the unfortunate country people died there miserably of their wounds. This is what is done in 1919 in British India…
Centuries hence you will find Indian children brought up to this spot, just as they visit now the Cawnpore Well, and you can imagine the feelings of these Indians for generations over this terrible business.
[Col. Wedgwood, MP, speaking in the British Parliament, 22 December 1919]
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