Question

In work study the relation between Standard time, Observed time is:

• A. Standard time = Observed time $\times$ Rating factor $\times$ (1 - Allowances)
• B. Standard time = (Observed time $\times$ Rating factor) / (1 + Allowances)
• C. Standard time = Observed time $\times$ Rating factor $\times$ (1 + Allowances)
• D. Standard time = Observed time $\times$ (1 + Allowances) / Rating factor

Hint:

Always remember: Standard Time is the "final" value, so it must be larger than the Normal Time. That is why we multiply by $(1 + Allowances)$—to add that extra buffer for the worker's needs.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Standard time is the total time allowed to an operator to perform a specific task at a defined level of performance. It is calculated through several layers of adjustments to the raw data collected during a time study. 1. Step 1: Observed Time (OT): This is the raw, actual time recorded by a stop-watch while timing an operator performing a task.

2. Step 2: Normal Time (NT): Since every worker operates at a different speed, the observed time must be adjusted by a "Performance Rating Factor" (RF) to represent the time an average, qualified worker would take. $$\text{Normal Time} = \text{Observed Time} \times \text{Rating Factor}$$

3. Step 3: Standard Time (ST): Workers require time for personal needs, fatigue, and unavoidable delays. These "Allowances" are added to the normal time. Allowances are typically expressed as a percentage of the normal time. $$\text{Standard Time} = \text{Normal Time} + \text{Allowances}$$ $$\text{Standard Time} = \text{Normal Time} \times (1 + \text{Allowance \%})$$

4. The Combined Formula: By substituting the formula for Normal Time into the final equation, we arrive at: $$\text{Standard Time} = \text{Observed Time} \times \text{Rating Factor} \times (1 + \text{Allowances})$$