Question:
In which of the following ways did the founding scholars usually distinguish New Social Movements (NSMs) from Old Social Movements?
In which of the following ways did the founding scholars usually distinguish New Social Movements (NSMs) from Old Social Movements?
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New Social Movements emphasize identity, culture, and participation rather than class struggle and centralized leadership.
Updated On: Dec 24, 2025
- NSMs are devoted to changing cultural norms concerning individual dignity rather than bringing about structural transformation.
- NSMs are based in social class and not on social identities.
- NSMs reject hierarchical organisational structures and prefer flexible, horizontal participation.
- NSMs are all revolutionary in their mode of action.
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The Correct Option is A, C
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding New Social Movements.
New Social Movements focus on issues such as identity, culture, lifestyle, gender, environment, and human rights rather than purely economic or class-based struggles.
Step 2: Distinction from Old Social Movements.
Old Social Movements were primarily class-based and aimed at structural or economic transformation, while NSMs emphasize cultural change and individual dignity.
Step 3: Organisational structure.
Founding scholars observed that NSMs generally reject rigid hierarchies and instead promote decentralized, participatory, and horizontal forms of organisation.
Step 4: Elimination of incorrect options.
NSMs are not based solely on social class and are not necessarily revolutionary in their methods.
Final Answer: (A), (C)
New Social Movements focus on issues such as identity, culture, lifestyle, gender, environment, and human rights rather than purely economic or class-based struggles.
Step 2: Distinction from Old Social Movements.
Old Social Movements were primarily class-based and aimed at structural or economic transformation, while NSMs emphasize cultural change and individual dignity.
Step 3: Organisational structure.
Founding scholars observed that NSMs generally reject rigid hierarchies and instead promote decentralized, participatory, and horizontal forms of organisation.
Step 4: Elimination of incorrect options.
NSMs are not based solely on social class and are not necessarily revolutionary in their methods.
Final Answer: (A), (C)
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