Question:
In the removal of permanent hardness of water by permutit process, \(Na^+\) ions of permutit are exchanged with which ions of water?
In the removal of permanent hardness of water by permutit process, \(Na^+\) ions of permutit are exchanged with which ions of water?
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Permanent hardness is mainly due to \(Ca^{2+}\) and \(Mg^{2+}\). Permutit removes these ions by ion exchange with \(Na^+\).
Updated On: May 7, 2026
- \(K^+,\ Ba^{2+}\)
- \(Fe^{2+},\ K^+\)
- \(Ca^{2+},\ Mg^{2+}\)
- \(Zn^{2+},\ Cu^{2+}\)
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Permanent hardness of water is mainly due to dissolved salts of calcium and magnesium.
The responsible ions are:
\[
Ca^{2+}
\]
and
\[
Mg^{2+}.
\]
In the permutit process, sodium zeolite or permutit is used.
It contains exchangeable sodium ions:
\[
Na^+.
\]
When hard water is passed through permutit, calcium and magnesium ions are exchanged with sodium ions.
For example:
\[
Ca^{2+}+Na_2Z\rightarrow CaZ+2Na^+.
\]
Similarly:
\[
Mg^{2+}+Na_2Z\rightarrow MgZ+2Na^+.
\]
Thus, \(Na^+\) ions of permutit are exchanged with:
\[
Ca^{2+},\ Mg^{2+}.
\]
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