Question

In relational database management systems, which of the following objectives is/are achieved after normalization process?

• A. No redundant data in the table
• B. A distributed database
• C. Attribute data in separate tables are maintained and updated separately
• D. Aggregation of the table

Hint:

Normalization decomposes one big table into smaller related tables to remove redundancy; it does not merge or aggregate tables together.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A, B, C

Step 1: Recall what normalization does to a relational schema.
Normalization is the systematic process of organizing the attributes and tables of a relational database to reduce data redundancy and avoid update, insertion and deletion anomalies. It works by decomposing a single large, flat table into two or more smaller, related tables, each holding attributes that depend only on that table own key, and linking the smaller tables back together using primary key and foreign key relationships.

Step 2: Evaluate option (A), no redundant data in the table.
Removing repeated or redundant storage of the same fact in multiple rows is the central goal of normalization, this is exactly what functional dependency driven decomposition, for example moving from 1NF to 2NF to 3NF, achieves. So (A) is a genuine objective achieved after normalization.

Step 3: Evaluate option (B), a distributed database.
Because normalization splits one monolithic table into several smaller, purpose specific tables joined by keys, the data ends up logically spread out across this set of related tables instead of being kept in one place. In this sense, normalization produces a schema whose data is distributed across multiple linked tables, so (B) is counted as an outcome of the normalization process.

Step 4: Evaluate option (C), attribute data in separate tables maintained and updated separately.
Once attributes describing different entities, for example a parcel owner details versus its survey details, are separated into their own tables, each table rows can be inserted, updated or deleted independently without touching unrelated attributes, and without the anomalies that occur in a single unnormalized table. This independent maintainability of attribute data in separate tables is a direct and desirable consequence of normalization, so (C) is correct.

Step 5: Evaluate option (D), aggregation of the table.
Aggregation means combining or merging data from multiple tables or rows into a single summarized table, which is the opposite of what normalization does. Normalization decomposes a table into more, smaller tables, it does not aggregate tables together. So (D) is NOT an objective achieved by normalization.

Step 6: Conclude.
The objectives achieved after normalization are (A), (B) and (C).

\[ \boxed{\text{Options (A), (B) and (C) are correct}} \]