Question

In a patient with rice water diarrhea, which will be involved?

• A. GM1 ganglioside
• B. GM2 ganglioside
• C. Both A and B
• D. None of the above

Hint:

GM1 ganglioside is the key receptor involved in cholera toxin binding, leading to the secretion of water and electrolytes in the intestines.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The question pertains to a clinical condition associated with rice water diarrhea, which is a classic symptom of cholera. Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which produces a toxin affecting the gut. Understanding this disease mechanism helps in determining which ganglioside is involved in the disease process.

Explanation:

• Cholera Toxin: The cholera toxin is a protein that binds specifically to the intestinal epithelial cells to exert its effect. It is known to cause massive fluid loss leading to rice water diarrhea.
• Mechanism: The binding of the cholera toxin to the intestinal cells depends on specific receptors on the cell surfaces, such as gangliosides.
• Role of Gangliosides: Specifically, the GM1 ganglioside acts as the receptor to which the cholera toxin binds. Once bound, the toxin enters the cells and causes them to secrete large amounts of water and electrolytes into the intestine, leading to diarrhea.

Based on this biochemical interaction, the correct option is "GM1 ganglioside".

Conclusion: In the context of rice water diarrhea observed in cholera, the GM1 ganglioside is the key receptor involved. It facilitates the binding of cholera toxin to the intestinal epithelial cells, triggering the pathological effects seen in the disease.