The reaction depicted in the image is called the Gatterman-Koch reaction. This reaction involves the formylation of aromatic compounds like benzene to form benzaldehyde.
The reaction uses carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3) or cuprous chloride (CuCl).
The main purpose of this reaction is to introduce an aldehyde group (–CHO) onto the aromatic ring.
Explanation:
The setup typically involves bubbling CO and HCl through a solution of an aromatic ring and the catalyst. When benzene is used, the Gatterman-Koch reaction results in the formation of benzaldehyde:
Reaction: C6H6 + CO + HCl → C6H5CHO
This method is particularly useful because it directly converts benzene into benzaldehyde in one step.
This is distinct from other reactions listed in the options:
Stephen reaction: Used to convert nitriles to aldehydes.
Etard reaction: Involves the oxidation of aromatic methyl groups to aldehydes using chromyl chloride.
Rosenmund reduction: Reduces acyl chlorides to aldehydes using hydrogen and a palladium catalyst.
Thus, the correct answer is Gatterman-Koch reaction.
