Question

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:
Assertion A: The stability order of \(+1\) oxidation state of Ga, In, and Tl is \( \text{Ga}<\text{In}<\text{Tl} \).
Reason R: The inert pair effect stabilizes the lower oxidation state down the group.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
• B. A is true but R is false.
• C. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
• D. A is false but R is true.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The given question involves understanding the oxidation states and the inert pair effect in the context of group 13 elements, specifically Ga (Gallium), In (Indium), and Tl (Thallium). Let's analyze both the assertion and the reason statements step-by-step.

1. Assertion A: The stability order of +1 oxidation state of Ga, In, and Tl is \( \text{Ga}<\text{In}<\text{Tl} \).
   This assertion is based on the stability possessed by the elements of group 13 in different oxidation states. As we move down the group from Ga to Tl, the +1 oxidation state becomes more stable than the +3 oxidation state due to the inert pair effect. Thus, the assertion is true.
2. Reason R: The inert pair effect stabilizes the lower oxidation state down the group.
   The inert pair effect refers to the tendency of the s-electrons in the outermost electron shell to remain non-ionized or unshared in compounds. This effect becomes more pronounced in heavier elements. Hence, the lower oxidation state (+1 for group 13 elements) becomes more stable down the group because the s-electrons are less likely to participate in bonding. Therefore, the reason is also true.

To determine if Reason R is the correct explanation of Assertion A:

• The assertion states the comparative stability order of +1 oxidation state from Ga to Tl, which aligns with the reason provided. The inert pair effect explains why Tl(+1) is more stable compared to Ga(+1) in the sequence of stability.

Thus, both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

Conclusion: The correct answer is that both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Answer 2

Assertion A is correct because the stability of the +1 oxidation state increases down the group due to the inert pair effect.
Reason R correctly explains the inert pair effect as the reluctance of the s-electrons to participate in bonding.
Thus, both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Final Answer:
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.