Comprehension

Four teams – Red (R), Blue (B), Green (G), and Yellow (Y) – are competing in the final four rounds of the Inter-School Science Olympiad, labeled Round A, Round B, Round C, and Round D. Each round consists of one match between two teams, and every team plays exactly two matches. No team plays the same opponent more than once.

The final schedule must adhere to the following rules:

  • Rule 1 (Consecutive Play): The Green team (G) must play their two matches in consecutive rounds.
  • Rule 2 (Fixed Appearance): The Yellow team (Y) must play in Round B.
  • Rule 3 (Positional Constraint): The Red team (R) must play against the Blue team (B) in a round that is immediately before a round in which neither R nor B is playing.
  • Rule 4 (Timing): The Blue team's (B) first match must occur in an earlier round than the Green team's (G) first match.
  • Rule 5 (Opponent Link): The team that plays against the Red team (R) in the round that is not against the Blue team (B), is the same team that plays in Round D.

(193 words)

Question: 1

Considering Rules 1 and 2, which of the following pairs of rounds contains the Green team’s two matches?

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Once you find a schedule that satisfies {all} constraints, read off direct facts (like who plays when) instead of re-solving for each question.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Round A and Round D
  • Round B and Round C
  • Round C and Round D
  • Round A and Round B
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The Correct Option is B

Approach Solution - 1

From the complete set of constraints, the unique valid schedule that satisfies all five rules is: \[ \text{Round A: } R \text{ vs } B,\quad \text{Round B: } G \text{ vs } Y,\quad \text{Round C: } G \text{ vs } B,\quad \text{Round D: } R \text{ vs } Y. \] Here, Green (G) plays in Round B and Round C (consecutive rounds), satisfying Rule 1. Rule 2 is also satisfied since Yellow (Y) appears in Round B.
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Approach Solution -2

Look at each round in turn instead of rebuilding the whole timetable. Round A pairs Red with Blue, so Green cannot be there, and Round D pairs Red with Yellow, so Green is not there either. That leaves only Round B and Round C as possible slots for Green, and since every team plays exactly two matches, Green must occupy both. This matches Round B and Round C, while ruling out every option that includes Round A or Round D.
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Approach Solution -3

This question is asking which two rounds together make up both of Green's matches in the tournament. Since the full schedule is fixed as Round A: Red vs Blue, Round B: Green vs Yellow, Round C: Green vs Blue, and Round D: Red vs Yellow, each option can be checked directly against this table rather than re-deriving the rules.

  1. Round A and Round D: Round A is Red against Blue and Round D is Red against Yellow. Green's name does not appear in either pairing, so this option places Green in two rounds where it never actually plays.
  2. Round B and Round C: Round B is Green against Yellow and Round C is Green against Blue. Green shows up in both of these pairings, and nowhere else in the schedule, so this accounts for exactly both of Green's matches.
  3. Round C and Round D: Round C does contain Green, but Round D is Red against Yellow, so Green is missing from that half of the pair. This option is only half right.
  4. Round A and Round B: Round B contains Green, but Round A is Red against Blue, again leaving Green out of one of the two named rounds.

Since every team plays exactly two matches across the four rounds, and Green's name appears only in Round B and Round C of the fixed schedule, those are the only two rounds where Green actually takes the field.

So the correct answer is Round B and Round C.

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Question: 2

Based on all the rules, particularly Rule 3, which of the following matches must be scheduled for Round A?

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For “immediately before” constraints, try placing the special match in each possible round and see which positioning lets the next round omit the required teams.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Red vs.Green
  • Red vs.Yellow
  • Red vs.Blue
  • Blue vs.Yellow
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The Correct Option is C

Approach Solution - 1

Rule 3 requires that Red (R) play Blue (B) in a round immediately before one in which neither R nor B appears. In the valid schedule, the only way to meet all constraints is: \[ \text{Round A: } R \text{ vs } B,\quad \text{Round B: } G \text{ vs } Y, \] so that Round B has neither R nor B. Hence, Round A must be \(\boxed{\text{Red vs.Blue}}\).
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Approach Solution -2

Check the four options directly against the known schedule rather than re-deriving Rule 3 from scratch. Red vs Green never occurs anywhere in the schedule, Red vs Yellow is the Round D pairing (not Round A), and Blue vs Yellow never happens at all. Only Red vs Blue lines up with Round A, so that is the required match.
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Approach Solution -3

Instead of unpacking Rule 3's wording directly, this option list can be settled by working out which two rounds belong to Red and which two belong to Blue, then finding where those sets overlap.

  1. Red vs Green: Red's two rounds in the finished schedule are Round A and Round D, and neither of Red's matches is against Green, so this pairing does not exist anywhere in the tournament, let alone in Round A.
  2. Red vs Yellow: Red does face Yellow, but that match sits in Round D, not Round A, since Round A is Red's other match.
  3. Red vs Blue: Red's rounds are A and D, and Blue's rounds are A and C. The only round common to both sets is Round A, so this is the one match that has to be Red versus Blue, and it has to be in Round A specifically.
  4. Blue vs Yellow: Blue's rounds are A and C, and Yellow's rounds are B and D. These two sets share no round at all, which means Blue and Yellow never actually play each other in this tournament, so they certainly cannot be the Round A match.

Only the third pairing survives this check: the round where Red's schedule and Blue's schedule overlap is Round A, so that has to be the Red vs Blue match.

So the correct answer is Red vs Blue.

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Question: 3

Who is the Blue team's (B) first opponent in the tournament?

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When a rule mentions “first match,” always check the earliest round in which that team appears in the final schedule.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Green
  • Red
  • Yellow
  • The opponent cannot be determined
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The Correct Option is B

Approach Solution - 1

From the schedule: \[ \text{Round A: } R \text{ vs } B,\quad \text{Round C: } G \text{ vs } B. \] Blue (B) first appears in Round A, playing against Red (R). Hence, Red is B's first opponent.
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Approach Solution -2

Blue appears in only two rounds overall, Round A and Round C. Since Round A comes first, whichever team Blue meets there is automatically its first opponent. Round A is Red vs Blue, so Red is the team Blue faces first, ruling out Green, Yellow, and "cannot be determined."
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Approach Solution -3

Blue's first opponent can be pinned down by checking every named option against the order of the four rounds, rather than just reading off the schedule once.

  1. Green: Blue's two matches are in Round A and Round C. Blue does face Green, but that happens in Round C, which comes after Round A, so Green is Blue's second opponent, not its first.
  2. Red: Round A, the earliest round in the tournament, pairs Red against Blue. Since Blue's only other match is later, in Round C, Red is necessarily the team Blue meets first.
  3. Yellow: Blue and Yellow never play each other anywhere in the four rounds, since Yellow's two matches are fixed against Green in Round B and Red in Round D. Yellow cannot be Blue's first opponent because it is never Blue's opponent at all.
  4. The opponent cannot be determined: This would only be true if the schedule were ambiguous or if Round A's pairing were unknown, but the full timetable is fixed and unique, with Round A settled as Red vs Blue, so the first opponent is fully determined.

Since Round A comes before Round C and Round A's match is Red against Blue, Red is confirmed as the first team Blue plays.

So the correct answer is Red.

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Question: 4

What is the match scheduled for Round C?

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After constructing the schedule, many later questions become simple look-ups rather than fresh logic problems.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Red vs.Green
  • Green vs.Blue
  • Blue vs.Yellow
  • Red vs.Yellow
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The Correct Option is B

Approach Solution - 1

Using the unique valid schedule: \[ \text{Round A: } R \text{ vs } B,\quad \text{Round B: } G \text{ vs } Y,\quad \text{Round C: } G \text{ vs } B,\quad \text{Round D: } R \text{ vs } Y. \] Thus, Round C is \(\boxed{\text{Green vs.Blue}}\).
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Approach Solution -2

Green plays only in Round B and Round C, while Red's two matches are fixed as Blue in Round A and Yellow in Round D. Since Round C cannot repeat either of Red's pairings, the only two teams left to face each other there are Green and Blue, so Round C must be Green vs Blue.
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Approach Solution -3

The match in Round C can be confirmed by checking which teams are already committed elsewhere and ruling out any option that repeats one of those commitments.

  1. Red vs Green: Red's two matches are fixed as Round A (against Blue) and Round D (against Yellow). Red has no match left over for Round C, so this option is impossible regardless of what Green is doing.
  2. Green vs Blue: Green's matches are Round B and Round C, and Blue's matches are Round A and Round C. Round C is the one round shared by both of their schedules, so this is the only pairing that fits both teams' remaining slot.
  3. Blue vs Yellow: Yellow's two matches are Round B and Round D, neither of which is Round C, so Yellow has nothing left to play in Round C, ruling this pairing out.
  4. Red vs Yellow: This is a real match in the schedule, but it belongs to Round D, since both Red's and Yellow's second matches land there, not in Round C.

Round C is the only round where Green's and Blue's remaining slots line up, so that round has to be Green against Blue.

So the correct answer is Green vs Blue.

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Question: 5

Which pair of rounds contains matches where the Yellow team (Y) does {not participate?}

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List each team’s rounds explicitly; then it is easy to see in which rounds they are missing.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Round A and Round C
  • Round A and Round D
  • Round B and Round C
  • Round C and Round D
  • Freedom is a notoriously complex and contested philosophical notion, and I won’t pretend to settle any of the big controversies it raises.
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The Correct Option is A

Approach Solution - 1

Yellow (Y) plays in: \[ \text{Round B: } G \text{ vs } Y,\quad \text{Round D: } R \text{ vs } Y. \] Therefore, Y is absent from Rounds A and C, whose matches are \(R\text{ vs }B\) and \(G\text{ vs }B\) respectively.
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Approach Solution -2

Yellow only turns up in Round B (against Green) and Round D (against Red); those are its two matches for the tournament. Every other round is therefore Yellow-free, which leaves Round A and Round C as the pair of rounds without Yellow.
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Approach Solution -3

The pair of Yellow-free rounds can be found by checking which rounds are filled entirely by the other three teams, based on the fixed schedule.

  1. Round A and Round C: Round A is Red against Blue and Round C is Green against Blue. Yellow's name does not appear in either match, so both rounds in this pair are genuinely free of Yellow.
  2. Round A and Round D: Round A is Yellow-free, as shown above, but Round D is Red against Yellow, so Yellow is very much present there. This pair fails on Round D.
  3. Round B and Round C: Round C is Yellow-free, but Round B is Green against Yellow, so Yellow plays in that round. This pair fails on Round B.
  4. Round C and Round D: Round C is Yellow-free, but Round D is Red against Yellow, so this pair also fails.
  5. Freedom is a notoriously complex and contested philosophical notion, and I won't pretend to settle any of the big controversies it raises: This text is not a schedule statement at all and does not refer to any round or match, so it cannot be evaluated as an answer to a question about which rounds Yellow skips.

Only Round A and Round C are completely free of Yellow's matches once every round is checked against the fixed schedule.

So the correct answer is Round A and Round C.

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Question: 6

Which team does the Yellow team (Y) {not play against over the course of the four rounds?}

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To answer “does not play” questions, write down all opponents of the team and compare with the full list of teams.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Red
  • Blue
  • Green
  • The Yellow team plays against all other teams
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The Correct Option is B

Approach Solution - 1

From the schedule: \[ \text{Round B: } G \text{ vs } Y,\quad \text{Round D: } R \text{ vs } Y. \] So Yellow (Y) plays against Green (G) and Red (R), but never against Blue (B). Hence, the team Y does {not} play is Blue.
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Approach Solution -2

Yellow plays exactly two matches all tournament, and the schedule fixes them as Round B (vs Green) and Round D (vs Red). That accounts for both of Yellow's games, so any team not on that short list is one it never faces. Red and Green are both covered, leaving Blue as the team Yellow never plays.
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Approach Solution -3

Checking which team Yellow never meets is a matter of listing Yellow's two actual matches and comparing the leftover team against each option.

  1. Red: Yellow's second match, in Round D, is against Red, so Yellow does play Red at some point in the tournament. This option is not the team Yellow skips.
  2. Blue: Yellow's only two matches are Round B (against Green) and Round D (against Red). Blue is not part of either of those rounds, and Yellow has no matches left to schedule anywhere else, so Yellow and Blue never meet.
  3. Green: Yellow's first match, in Round B, is against Green, so this pairing does happen. Green is ruled out as the missed opponent.
  4. The Yellow team plays against all other teams: This would require Yellow to face Red, Green, and Blue at some point, but Yellow only gets two matches in the whole tournament, so it is mathematically impossible for Yellow to meet all three other teams.

Since Yellow's two matches are used up entirely by Green and Red, Blue is the one team left that Yellow never faces.

So the correct answer is Blue.

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Question: 7

If the match in Round D was (Blue vs. Yellow), which of the original rules would be violated by this schedule change?

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When testing a hypothetical change, ask: “Is there {any} way to build a schedule with this change that still satisfies each rule?” The first rule that makes this impossible is the one being violated.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Rule 1 (Consecutive Play)
  • Rule 3 (Positional Constraint)
  • Rule 4 (Timing)
  • Rule 5 (Opponent Link)
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The Correct Option is D

Approach Solution - 1

Rule 5 states: {“The team that plays against Red (R) in the round that is not against Blue (B) is the same team that plays in Round D.”} In the valid schedule, R’s matches are: \[ \text{vs } B \text{ in Round A},\quad \text{vs } Y \text{ in Round D}. \] So the non-Blue opponent of R is Yellow (Y), and that team indeed plays in Round D, satisfying Rule 5. If Round D is changed to \(B \text{ vs } Y\), then for R to still play two matches, its other opponent (not B) must be some team \(T\neq B\). Rule 5 forces this same team \(T\) to appear in Round D. But Round D is now fixed as \(B \text{ vs } Y\); thus \(T\) must be \(Y\). This makes it impossible to keep R’s original non-Blue opponent while also adjusting other matches consistently, and any attempt to re-schedule leads to a direct conflict with Rule 5. Therefore, the schedule change specifically violates Rule 5 (Opponent Link).
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Approach Solution -2

Test the other three rules against the changed schedule first. Rule 1 concerns which rounds Green occupies, and Green's rounds are untouched by this change. Rule 3's requirement about Round A is also unaffected since Round A itself does not change. Rule 4's timing condition doesn't reference Round D's pairing either. What does break is Rule 5, which ties Red's non-Blue opponent to whoever plays in Round D; forcing Round D to be Blue vs Yellow removes Red from that round entirely and contradicts the link Rule 5 requires. So the change violates Rule 5 (Opponent Link).
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Approach Solution -3

Changing Round D to Blue vs Yellow can be checked against each rule one at a time to see which one it actually breaks.

  1. Rule 1 (Consecutive Play): This rule is about Green's two matches falling in consecutive rounds. Green's matches stay in Round B and Round C either way, since neither of those rounds is being changed, so Rule 1 is untouched.
  2. Rule 3 (Positional Constraint): This rule concerns the Red-Blue match needing to sit right before a round with neither team in it, which is a statement about Round A and Round B. Since Round A and Round B are not the rounds being altered, this rule stays satisfied.
  3. Rule 4 (Timing): Whatever timing condition this rule enforces, it does not hinge on Round D's specific pairing being Red vs Yellow rather than something else, since the round still exists and still occurs fourth in sequence.
  4. Rule 5 (Opponent Link): This rule ties Red's non-Blue opponent to whichever team plays in Round D. Red's non-Blue opponent is Yellow, so Yellow is required to be part of Round D. Swapping Round D to Blue vs Yellow removes Red from Round D altogether, and now the link this rule demands has nothing to attach to, so it breaks.

Only Rule 5 depends on Red actually appearing in Round D alongside its non-Blue opponent, and that is exactly the condition the swap destroys.

So the correct answer is Rule 5 (Opponent Link).

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