Basic FASTA format:
\[
\boxed{
\begin{array}{l}
>\text{Sequence identifier}
\text{ATGCGATCGATCG\ldots}
\end{array}
}
\]
The first line is the header, and the remaining lines contain the biological sequence.
Step 1: Recall the FASTA format.
A FASTA file begins with a header line starting with the symbol
\[
\boxed{>}
\]
followed by an identifier or description.
Step 2: Identify the remaining content.
The header is followed by the nucleotide or protein sequence.
Thus, a FASTA file contains
\[
\boxed{\text{Header line and sequence}.}
\]
Therefore,
\[
\boxed{(C)}
\]
is the correct answer.