Question

Explain any two features of federalism.

Hint:

Remember the key features of federalism: Division of Powers, Supremacy of the Constitution, Independent Judiciary, Written Constitution, and Financial Autonomy. Any two explained with examples are sufficient for a 2-mark answer.

Answer 1

Step 1: Meaning of Federalism:
Federalism is a system of government in which powers are constitutionally divided between the Central Government and the State Governments. Both levels of government function independently in their respective spheres and derive their authority directly from the Constitution. This arrangement promotes unity while allowing regional governments to manage local affairs effectively.

Step 2: Feature 1 -- Division of Powers:
One of the most important features of federalism is the constitutional division of powers. The Constitution clearly specifies the subjects on which the Union Government and the State Governments can make laws. In India, these powers are distributed through the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. This clear division helps avoid conflicts and ensures smooth administration throughout the country.

Step 3: Feature 2 -- Supremacy of the Constitution:
Another important feature is the supremacy of the Constitution. Both the Union and the State Governments must function according to the provisions of the Constitution. Neither government can exercise powers beyond those assigned to it. Any law that violates the Constitution can be declared unconstitutional by the judiciary.

Step 4: Importance of these Features:
The division of powers ensures efficient governance by allowing different levels of government to perform their respective responsibilities. The supremacy of the Constitution maintains balance between the Union and the States, protects democratic values, and prevents misuse of authority. Together, these features strengthen national unity while respecting regional diversity.

Step 5: Conclusion:
Thus, the division of powers and the supremacy of the Constitution are two fundamental features of federalism. They ensure effective administration, protect the autonomy of different levels of government, and maintain harmony within a federal system like India.