Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to test tube A, while acetic acid (CH3COOH) is added to test tube B. Amount and the concentration taken for both the acids are the same. In which test tube will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why?
Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to test tube A, while acetic acid (CH3COOH) is added to test tube B. Amount and the concentration taken for both the acids are the same. In which test tube will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why?
Solution and Explanation
The fizzing will occur strongly in test tube A, in which hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added. This is because HCl is a stronger acid than CH3COOH and therefore produces hydrogen gas at a faster speed due to which fizzing occurs.
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Acids and Bases
Acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. Base is an ion or molecule capable of accepting a hydrogen ion from acid.
Physical Properties of Acids and Bases
| Physical Properties | ACIDS | BASES |
| Taste | Sour | Bitter |
| Colour on Litmus paper | Turns blue litmus red | Turns red litmus blue |
| Ions produced on dissociation | H+ | OH- |
| pH | <7 (less than 7) | >7 (more than 7) |
| Strong acids | HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 | NaOH, KOH |
| Weak Acids | CH3COOH, H3PO4, H2CO3 | NH4OH |
Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases
| Type of Reaction | Acid | Bases |
| Reaction with Metals | Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas (H2) E.g., Zn(s)+ dil. H2SO4 → ZnSO4 (Zinc Sulphate) + H2 | Base + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas (H2) E.g., 2NaOH +Zn → Na2ZnO2 (Sodium zincate) + H2 |
| Reaction with hydrogen carbonates (bicarbonate) and carbonates | Metal carbonate/Metal hydrogen carbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water E.g., HCl+NaOH → NaCl+ H2O 2. Na2CO3+ 2 HCl(aq) →2NaCl(aq)+ H2O(l) + CO2(g) 3. Na2CO3+ 2H2SO4(aq) →2Na2SO4(aq)+ H2O(l) + CO2(g) 4. NaHCO3+ HCl → NaCl+ H2O+ CO2 | Base+ Carbonate/ bicarbonate → No reaction |
| Neutralisation Reaction | Base + Acid → Salt + Water E.g., NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) | Base + Acid → Salt + Water E.g., CaO+ HCl (l) → CaCl2 (aq)+ H2O (l) |
| Reaction with Oxides | Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water E.g., CaO+ HCl (l) → CaCl2 (aq)+ H2O (l) | Non- Metallic oxide + Base → Salt + Water E.g., Ca(OH)2+ CO2 → CaCO3+ H2O |
| Dissolution in Water | Acid gives H+ ions in water. E.g., HCl → H+ + Cl- HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl– | Base gives OH- ions in water. |
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