Question

Differentiate between active and passive immunity. Write any three differences.

Hint:

Remember: Active immunity involves the body producing its own antibodies, while passive immunity provides temporary protection through external antibodies.

Answer 1

Step 1: Definition of Active Immunity.
Active immunity occurs when the body is exposed to a pathogen and produces its own antibodies. This can happen naturally when the body encounters an infection or artificially through vaccination.
Step 2: Definition of Passive Immunity.
Passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from another individual or animal to provide temporary protection. This can happen naturally, such as when a baby receives antibodies from the mother through breast milk, or artificially through antibody injections.
Step 3: Three Differences between Active and Passive Immunity.
1. Duration of Immunity: Active immunity is long-lasting, sometimes for a lifetime, as it involves the production of memory cells. Passive immunity is temporary and lasts only for a short period (e.g., weeks to months).
2. Antibody Production: In active immunity, the body produces its own antibodies, while in passive immunity, antibodies are transferred from another source.
3. Type of Exposure: Active immunity is a result of exposure to a pathogen or vaccination, whereas passive immunity is the result of receiving antibodies from an external source.