Question:
Describe the classification of ragas briefly with examples.
Describe the classification of ragas briefly with examples.
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Name the two main classes first, then add a short note and examples for each.
Updated On: Nov 3, 2026
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Solution and Explanation
Step 1: First level: janaka and janya:
Ragas are first divided into two groups. The first group is janaka ragas (parent ragas or melakartas). The second group is janya ragas (derived ragas).
A janaka raga has all seven swaras in the ascent and descent in proper order. There are 72 of them. Examples: Mayamalavagowla (15), Kharaharapriya (22), Harikambhoji (28) and Dheerasankarabharanam (29).
Step 2: Second level: janya ragas:
A janya raga is born of a janaka raga. It may use fewer swaras, a zigzag order or a foreign swara.
Examples: Mohanam (janya of Dheerasankarabharanam), Kambhoji (janya of Harikambhoji), Hindolam (janya of Natabhairavi) and Sriranjani (janya of Kharaharapriya).
Step 3: Short note on the kinds of janya ragas:
By number of swaras: sampoorna (7), shadava (6) and audava (5). Example: Sriranjani is shadava and Mohanam is audava.
By nature of the scale: varja (some swaras omitted), vakra (zigzag, example Sahana), upanga (only the swaras of the parent, example Mohanam) and bhashanga (a foreign swara is used, example Kambhoji).
Final Answer:
Ragas are classified as janaka (72 melakartas) and janya ragas, with examples for each. \[ \boxed{\text{Janaka (melakarta) and Janya ragas}} \]
Ragas are first divided into two groups. The first group is janaka ragas (parent ragas or melakartas). The second group is janya ragas (derived ragas).
A janaka raga has all seven swaras in the ascent and descent in proper order. There are 72 of them. Examples: Mayamalavagowla (15), Kharaharapriya (22), Harikambhoji (28) and Dheerasankarabharanam (29).
Step 2: Second level: janya ragas:
A janya raga is born of a janaka raga. It may use fewer swaras, a zigzag order or a foreign swara.
Examples: Mohanam (janya of Dheerasankarabharanam), Kambhoji (janya of Harikambhoji), Hindolam (janya of Natabhairavi) and Sriranjani (janya of Kharaharapriya).
Step 3: Short note on the kinds of janya ragas:
By number of swaras: sampoorna (7), shadava (6) and audava (5). Example: Sriranjani is shadava and Mohanam is audava.
By nature of the scale: varja (some swaras omitted), vakra (zigzag, example Sahana), upanga (only the swaras of the parent, example Mohanam) and bhashanga (a foreign swara is used, example Kambhoji).
Final Answer:
Ragas are classified as janaka (72 melakartas) and janya ragas, with examples for each. \[ \boxed{\text{Janaka (melakarta) and Janya ragas}} \]
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