Question

Define the terms Jaati and Gati with their varieties.

Hint:

Jaati is about the Laghu length and Gati is about the sub-beats inside an akshara. Both have the values 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Jaati and Gati are two ideas that change the speed and size of a tala. The question wants a definition of each and the values of their varieties (1 + 1 marks).

Step 2: Define Jaati:
Jaati is the number of aksharas (counts) in the Laghu anga of a tala. It decides how long the Laghu is, and so how long the whole tala cycle is.
Example: in Triputa tala (I O O) the Laghu is 4 counts in Chatusra jaati, so the cycle is 4 + 2 + 2 = 8 counts. In Tisra jaati it is 3 + 2 + 2 = 7.

Step 3: Varieties of Jaati:
Tisra jaati = 3, Chatusra jaati = 4, Khanda jaati = 5, Misra jaati = 7, Sankeerna jaati = 9.

Step 4: Define Gati:
Gati, also called nadai, is the number of small sub-beats (matras) in each akshara. It tells us how finely each beat is divided.
Example: in Chatusra gati each akshara has 4 matras (Ta Ka Di Mi). In Khanda gati each akshara has 5 (Ta Ka Ta Ki Ta).

Step 5: Varieties of Gati:
Tisra gati = 3, Chatusra gati = 4, Khanda gati = 5, Misra gati = 7, Sankeerna gati = 9.
Jaati and gati each have five varieties. Seven talas with five jaatis make 35 talas, and with five gatis each they become 175 talas.

Final Answer:
Jaati is the Laghu length and Gati is the number of sub-beats per akshara, each with five varieties: 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9. \[ \boxed{\text{Jaati = Laghu length, Gati = matras per akshara, each 3, 4, 5, 7, 9}} \]