The characteristics of sound are pitch, loudness, and quality (or timbre).
- Pitch depends on the fundamental frequency.
- Loudness depends on the amplitude of the wave.
- Quality or timbre is the characteristic that allows us to distinguish between two sounds of the same pitch and loudness, produced by different instruments or voices. This difference is due to the presence of various overtones (harmonics) and their relative intensities, which together determine the overall shape of the sound wave, known as the waveform.