Concept:
Building stones are grouped by their dominant chemical constituent: siliceous (silica-rich), calcareous (lime-rich), argillaceous (clay-rich) and so on. The prefix tells us the chief mineral content.
Step 1:
The term argillaceous refers directly to clay. Argillaceous stones are those whose main constituent is clay or clay minerals.
Step 2:
Therefore clay minerals are most commonly found in argillaceous stones, such as shale and slate, where clay forms the principal material.
Answer: Option (4) — Argillaceous stones.