Question

Bleuler's symptoms for schizophrenia are all except?

• A. Loosening of association
• B. Affect disturbances
• C. Autism
• D. Hallucinations

Hint:

Recall the 4 A's; the listed item that is accessory, not fundamental, is the exception.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Eugen Bleuler renamed dementia praecox as schizophrenia and viewed it as a group of disorders. He defined the fundamental (core) symptoms, popularly remembered as the 4 A's of Bleuler.

Step 2: The 4 A's are Ambivalence, Autism, Affect disturbances, and Association disturbances (which includes loosening of association). So options a, b, and c are all genuine Bleulerian fundamental symptoms.

Step 3: Hallucinations, along with delusions and negativism, were classified by Bleuler as accessory (secondary) symptoms, not fundamental ones. Since the question asks for the exception, hallucinations is the answer.