Question

Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct option:
I. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
II. Rowlatt Act
III. Poona Pact
IV. Khilafat Movement

• A. I, III, IV and II
• B. II, IV, III and I
• C. II, IV, I and III
• D. I, III, II and IV

Hint:

Remember these important years for quick revision:

• 1919 -- Rowlatt Act

• 1919--1924 -- Khilafat Movement

• 1931 -- Gandhi-Irwin Pact

• 1932 -- Poona Pact
A useful memory trick is: \[ \boxed{\text{Rowlatt} \rightarrow \text{Khilafat} \rightarrow \text{Gandhi-Irwin} \rightarrow \text{Poona}} \]

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understand the historical events and their years.
To arrange the events correctly, we first identify the year in which each event took place. These events are important milestones in the Indian National Movement and are closely related to Mahatma Gandhi's political activities during the freedom struggle.

• Rowlatt Act (1919): The British Government passed the Rowlatt Act in March 1919 based on the recommendations of the Rowlatt Committee. The Act authorized the government to arrest and detain any person without trial and imposed severe restrictions on civil liberties. It was strongly opposed throughout India and led Mahatma Gandhi to launch the Rowlatt Satyagraha.

• Khilafat Movement (1919--1924): The Khilafat Movement was launched by Indian Muslims to protect the position of the Ottoman Caliph after the First World War. Mahatma Gandhi supported this movement and linked it with the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920 to strengthen Hindu-Muslim unity against British rule.

• Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931): The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on 5 March 1931 between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India. According to the agreement, the Civil Disobedience Movement was temporarily suspended, political prisoners were released (except those convicted of violence), and Gandhi agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference in London.

• Poona Pact (1932): The Poona Pact was signed on 24 September 1932 between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. It replaced the system of separate electorates for the Depressed Classes proposed in the Communal Award with reserved seats in provincial legislatures. This agreement played a significant role in shaping India's future electoral system.

Step 2: Arrange the events in chronological order.
Now, arrange the events according to their occurrence:

• Rowlatt Act -- 1919

• Khilafat Movement -- 1919--1924

• Gandhi-Irwin Pact -- 1931

• Poona Pact -- 1932
Thus, the correct sequence is: \[ \boxed{\text{II} \rightarrow \text{IV} \rightarrow \text{I} \rightarrow \text{III}} \]

Step 3: Compare the sequence with the given options.
Among the given options, only Option (C) matches the correct chronological order: \[ \boxed{\text{II, IV, I and III}} \] Hence, Option (C) is the correct answer.