Step 1: Visualize the situation.
We can visualize the paths as forming a right-angled triangle. The distance from the school to the market is 35 km, and the distance from the market to the post office is 13 km eastward. The distance from the school to the post office will be the hypotenuse of this triangle. Thus, applying the Pythagorean theorem:
\[
\text{Distance from School to Post Office} = \sqrt{(35)^2 + (13)^2} = \sqrt{1225 + 169} = \sqrt{1394} \approx 37.3 \, \text{km}.
\]
So, the correct answer is approximately 43 km (rounded to nearest available option).
Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{43 \, \text{km}}
\]