Question

According to Celestin Bougle, the spirit of the caste system is determined by the mutual repulsion that exists between castes. Identify TWO different aspects in which such mutual repulsion is manifested:

• A. Upward mobility
• B. Endogamy
• C. Westernization
• D. Commensal restrictions

Hint:

In the caste system, endogamy and commensal restrictions are key social practices that reflect the separation and mutual repulsion between castes, as highlighted by Celestin Bougle.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B, D

Step 1: Understanding Bougle’s theory on the caste system.
Celestin Bougle focused on the concept of mutual repulsion between castes as a defining feature of the caste system. He argued that this repulsion is reflected in various social practices that maintain caste boundaries.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (A) Incorrect, while upward mobility is restricted within the caste system, Bougle's theory emphasizes the structural and social practices that enforce separation rather than mobility.
- (B) Correct, endogamy (marriage within the same caste) is a key practice that reflects caste separation and mutual repulsion.
- (C) Incorrect, Westernization, though influencing caste dynamics, is not directly tied to the mutual repulsion Bougle describes.
- (D) Correct, commensal restrictions (restrictions on sharing food between castes) are another manifestation of caste separation and repulsion.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answers are (B) Endogamy and (D) Commensal restrictions, as they reflect the structural barriers and mutual repulsion inherent in the caste system.