Step 1: Recall the structure of the human rib cage.
The rib cage is made of curved bones called ribs that protect the heart and lungs. In a typical adult human, the ribs are arranged in pairs, with one rib on the left side and one matching rib on the right side for every pair.
Step 2: Count the pairs and total ribs.
A normal human rib cage has 12 pairs of ribs. Since each pair has two ribs, one on each side of the body, the total count is
\[ 12 \times 2 = 24 \]
Step 3: Rule out the other options.
12 is only the number of pairs, not the total count of individual ribs, so it undercounts by half. 14 and 16 do not match the standard anatomical count of ribs in a typical human skeleton at all.
Step 4: Final answer.
A typical human rib cage has 24 ribs in total, arranged as 12 pairs.
\[ \boxed{24} \]