Question

Which organelle is known as the "Powerhouse of the Cell"?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Golgi apparatus
• C. Mitochondria
• D. Ribosome

Hint:

Key Organelle Nicknames to Remember:
Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the Cell (ATP production).
Ribosome: Protein Factory of the Cell.
Lysosome: Suicidal Bags of the Cell.
Nucleus: Brain Control Center of the Cell.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Topic Explanation:
Eukaryotic cells contain specialized membrane-bound structures called organelles, each performing specific metabolic roles essential for cell survival and physiological function.

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks to identify the cell organelle responsible for energy generation, commonly referred to as the "Powerhouse of the Cell".

Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Energy production in biological systems occurs via cellular respiration, where nutrient molecules (glucose) are converted into chemical energy:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP (Energy)} \] The primary site for aerobic respiration and ATP generation is the mitochondria.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:

• Mitochondria (Powerhouse): Double-membrane bound organelle where the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occur. They generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as chemical energy.

• Nucleus (Control Center): Contains genetic material (DNA) and directs cellular activities like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

• Golgi Apparatus (Packaging Unit): Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

• Ribosome (Protein Factory): Responsible for protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences.

Step 4: Final Answer:
Because mitochondria produce cellular ATP through aerobic respiration, they are universally termed the "Powerhouse of the Cell". Thus, Option (C) is correct.