Step 1: Understanding the Question:
This question tests knowledge of biodiversity measures.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Beta diversity quantifies the variation in species found across landscapes (between habitats).
Alpha diversity (A): Species diversity within a habitat.
Gamma diversity (C): Total species diversity across a landscape.
Ecosystem diversity (D): Variety of ecosystems.
Thus, the correct answer is beta diversity.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Thus, beta diversity measures variation across landscapes, which corresponds to option (B).
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