Question

Which of the following theory of family has been criticized for its patriarchal views as well as for not being able to explain the differences between culture and ethnicity ?

• A. Structural-functional theory
• B. Functional theory
• C. Structural theory
• D. Family - structure theory

Hint:

Feminist and conflict theories emerged largely as critiques of the Structural-Functional theory, arguing that traditional family roles can perpetuate gender inequality and ignore cultural diversity.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Sociological theories of the family attempt to explain its structure, internal dynamics, and functions in society.
However, several traditional theories have faced criticism for failing to account for diverse family structures, changing gender roles, and cultural differences.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The Structural-Functional Theory of the family (prominently developed by Talcott Parsons in the mid-20th century) views the nuclear family as a vital subsystem of society.
According to this theory, the family functions best when there is a clear division of labor:
- The husband performs the instrumental role (breadwinner, dealing with the outside world).
- The wife performs the expressive role (homemaker, providing emotional care and nurturing).
This theory has faced significant criticism from modern sociologists and feminist scholars for several reasons:
1. It has been criticized for maintaining patriarchal views by assuming that rigid, gender-based division of labor is natural and necessary for a stable society.
2. It is criticized for its ethnocentric assumptions, as it treats the white, middle-class nuclear family as the universal norm. It fails to explain or validate alternative family structures found across different cultures and ethnicities, such as extended families or single-parent households.
The other options listed do not represent the specific, integrated sociological framework of Parsons' structural-functionalism.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The theory that has faced these criticisms is the Structural-functional theory, corresponding to option (A).