Question

Which of the following is part of theory of behaviourism?
A. Conditioning
B. Ego
C. Reinforcement
D. Attachment
E. Punishment
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. B, C and D only
• B. C, D and E only
• C. A, C and E only
• D. A, D and E only

Hint:

To identify behaviorist concepts, look for terms related to external stimulus-response learning, such as conditioning (A), reinforcement (C), and punishment (E).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Behaviorism is a major psychological perspective popularized by theorists like John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner.
This theory focuses on observable, measurable behaviors and argues that behavior is shaped entirely by environmental stimuli and conditioning, rather than internal mental states.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze each of the concepts listed in the question:
- Conditioning (A): A core concept in behaviorism.
It includes classical conditioning (associating a reflex with a stimulus, as demonstrated by Pavlov) and operant conditioning (modifying voluntary behavior through consequences, as described by Skinner).
- Reinforcement (C): A key concept in operant conditioning.
It refers to any consequence (positive or negative) that strengthens a behavior, making it more likely to be repeated.
- Punishment (E): Another key concept in operant conditioning.
It refers to any consequence that weakens a behavior, making it less likely to be repeated.
Let us review the other terms:
- Ego (B): A concept from Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which describes the conscious part of the personality that balances the id and superego.
- Attachment (D): A concept from John Bowlby's developmental theory, which explains the emotional bonds formed between infants and their caregivers.
Therefore, the concepts that belong to behaviorism are A, C, and E.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option containing the behaviorist concepts is (C).