Question

Which of the following is not a type of social movement?

• A. Refractionary
• B. Redemptive
• C. Reformist
• D. Revolutionary

Hint:

Redemptive, reformist, and revolutionary are recognized types of social movements.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept:
Social movements are classified according to the type and extent of social change they seek.

Step 1:
Redemptive movements aim to bring change in individuals' beliefs and behaviour. \[ \text{Redemptive is a valid type} \]

Step 2:
Reformist movements seek gradual improvements within the existing system. \[ \text{Reformist is a valid type} \]

Step 3:
Revolutionary movements aim to completely transform society or political systems. \[ \text{Revolutionary is a valid type} \]

Step 4:
Refractionary is not a recognized sociological category of social movement. \[ \text{Refractionary is incorrect} \]

Step 5:
Hence, the correct answer is Refractionary. \[ \boxed{\text{(1) Refractionary}} \]