Question:
Which of the following is a property of supercritical fluid?
Which of the following is a property of supercritical fluid?
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Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using \(\text{CO}_2\) is widely used to decaffeinate coffee, extract essential oils, and isolate high-value bioactive compounds because it is non-toxic, leaves no solvent residues, and operates at low temperatures.
Updated On: Aug 20, 2026
- High density
- High viscosity
- Not easy penetration in fibrous solids
- High diffusivities of solutes
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its thermodynamic critical point.
In this state, the distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist, and the substance exhibits a unique hybrid of gas-like and liquid-like properties.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Supercritical fluids (such as supercritical \(\text{CO}_2\)) possess highly advantageous properties:
- Liquid-like high density: Giving them powerful solvent/dissolving capacities. (Note: While high density is a property, it is comparable to liquids, whereas high diffusivity is a unique advantage over liquids).
- Gas-like low viscosity: Allowing them to flow easily.
- Gas-like high diffusivity of solutes: Enabling extremely rapid mass transfer and solute transport during extraction processes.
- Zero surface tension: Allowing them to easily penetrate deep into porous/fibrous solid matrices.
Step 3: Final Answer:
A key beneficial property of a supercritical fluid is high diffusivities of solutes, which corresponds to option (D).
A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its thermodynamic critical point.
In this state, the distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist, and the substance exhibits a unique hybrid of gas-like and liquid-like properties.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Supercritical fluids (such as supercritical \(\text{CO}_2\)) possess highly advantageous properties:
- Liquid-like high density: Giving them powerful solvent/dissolving capacities. (Note: While high density is a property, it is comparable to liquids, whereas high diffusivity is a unique advantage over liquids).
- Gas-like low viscosity: Allowing them to flow easily.
- Gas-like high diffusivity of solutes: Enabling extremely rapid mass transfer and solute transport during extraction processes.
- Zero surface tension: Allowing them to easily penetrate deep into porous/fibrous solid matrices.
Step 3: Final Answer:
A key beneficial property of a supercritical fluid is high diffusivities of solutes, which corresponds to option (D).
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