Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks us to identify the defining characteristics and operational properties of Long-Term Memory (LTM).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
• Long-term memory (LTM) is the third stage of the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model, responsible for storing information over extended periods.
• Statement B is correct: Unlike sensory and short-term memory, LTM is designed to keep information more permanently.
• Statement C is incorrect: This contradicts Statement B; LTM is not a temporary or "less permanent" storage system.
• Statement D is correct: LTM stores meaningful, personally significant, and long-lasting information, including semantic concepts and life events (episodic memories).
• Statement E is correct: Elaborative rehearsal (thinking about the meaning of information and connecting it to existing knowledge) is the primary cognitive method used to transfer information from short-term memory to LTM.
• While Statement A is conceptually similar, the specific option selection in the standardized key highlights B, D, and E as the most precise combination describing LTM.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The defining characteristics of long-term memory are B, D & amp; E Only.