Question

The translation of a physical energy into electrical signals by specialized cells is known as __________.

• A. transition
• B. transduction
• C. transfiltration
• D. transformation

Hint:

Transduction is the "translator" of the brain. Without transduction, physical energy (like light or sound) remains completely invisible and uninterpretable to the nervous system.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks for the scientific term that describes how sensory organs convert environmental physical energies into neuroelectrical signals.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:

• Sensory transduction is the process of converting an environmental physical stimulus (e.g., electromagnetic light waves, mechanical sound waves, chemical odorants) into electrochemical neural impulses.

• This process is carried out by specialized sensory receptor cells (such as photoreceptors in the eye, hair cells in the cochlea, and nociceptors in the skin).

• Once physical energy is transducted into action potentials, the nervous system can transmit this information to the brain for perceptual processing.

• Transition refers generally to passing from one state or place to another.

• Transfiltration is not a biological or psychological term.

• Transformation is a general term describing structural change, but it lacks the physiological precision of transduction.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The biological conversion of physical stimuli into neural electrical signals is called transduction.