Step 1: Dietary fibre consists of the unabsorbable cell-wall and other constituents of plant foods, including cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, gums, pectins, glycoproteins, and other polysaccharides. It absorbs water, swells, increases stool bulk, softens stool, and shortens transit time.
Step 2: Pectin, lignin, and cellulose are all recognised components of dietary fibre, so options (a), (b), and (c) are valid examples of fibre.
Step 3: The printed answer key marks (d) Gums as the exception. Note that gums are in fact a soluble dietary fibre, so on strict nutritional grounds this single-best-answer item is debatable; however, following the recall paper's official key, the marked answer is (d) Gums.